Chagos Island: History, Ecology, and Conservation

The remote Chagos Island, part of Britain’s Indian Ocean territory, holds a complex legacy shaped by colonial history, strategic significance, and fragile ecosystems. Located south of the Maldives, this coral atoll spans over 60 islands, with Diego Garcia being the largest and most well-known.

Historical Background and Geopolitical Context

Chagos Island was once part of the British colony of Mauritius until the 1960s, when it was separated to form the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). In the 1970s, nearly the entire population—descendants of enslaved laborers and their families—was forcibly relocated, a controversial chapter still debated today. Since then, the island has served primarily as a military base, hosting a U.S. naval facility under a long-term lease. This strategic role has limited civilian access but preserved much of its natural landscape from large-scale development.

Unique Biodiversity and Marine Ecosystem

Despite its isolated location, Chagos Island is a global biodiversity hotspot. The atoll supports extensive coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves, forming a vital habitat for endangered species like hawksbill turtles, green sea turtles, and various reef fish. The waters surrounding Chagos are among the healthiest in the Indian Ocean, protected by minimal human interference. Recent studies confirm the area hosts one of the world’s most resilient coral reef systems, offering insights into reef recovery amid climate change.

Conservation Challenges and Future Outlook

Efforts to protect Chagos are ongoing, led by international NGOs, marine scientists, and some advocacy groups calling for full repatriation of displaced communities. Proposals include expanding marine protected areas and restoring degraded reefs. However, geopolitical tensions and military use complicate conservation goals. Stakeholders emphasize the need for balanced solutions that safeguard both ecological integrity and the rights of original inhabitants.

Chagos Island stands as a symbol of nature’s resilience and a reminder of historical complexity. Its future depends on inclusive, science-driven stewardship that values both wildlife and human dignity. Whether viewed through history, ecology, or conservation, Chagos invites deeper understanding and responsible action.

Take action today: Support organizations working for Chagos’ ecological recovery and justice—your voice matters in protecting this rare natural treasure.